Additives Use in shampoo

Conditioning agents: Lanolin, mineral oil, herbal extracts.

Foam builders: Lauroyl monoethanolamide, sarcosinates.

Viscocity modifiers:

Electrolyes: NH4Cl, NaCl.

Natural gums: Gum karaya, tragacanth.

Cellulose derivatives: Hydroxy ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose.

Carboxy vinyl polymers: Carbopol 934 and 941.

Others: PVP, Phosphate esters.

Sequestering agents: EDTA.

Opacifying agents: Alkanolamides of higher fatty acids, propylene glycol, Mg, Ca and zinc salts of stearic acid.

Clarifying agents:

Solubilizing alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol.

Phosphates

Non-ionic solubilizers: Polyethoxyated alcohols and esters.

Perfumes: Herbal, fruity or floral fragrance.

Preservatives: Methyl and propyl paraben, formaldehyde.

Anti-dandruff agents: They must work in oil-water environment of scalp. Present in shampoo in small amount. Example; Selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithone, salicylic acids.

Microbiological assay of shampoo

• Take the loopful culture of staphylococcus aureus aseptically and transfer to sterilized and cooled 100 ml SCDM (broth).

• Mix well. Incubate the broth at 37oC for 24 hrs. Soya bean casein (milk protein) digests medium, soya bean casein digest agar and nutrient agar may be used as medium.

• Sterilized SCD agar (100 ml) is cooled to 40°C and mixed with 5 ml of 24 hrs old pre inoculated culture. This is immediately poured in plates (340 ml each) and allows to set.  

 

• The wells are dig on agar plates with sterilized well digger aseptically. Take 100µml of each sample, add to well aseptically

• Incubate the plates at 37ºC for 24 hrs to 48 hrs. Observe the effectiveness of sample on culture growing on the agar plate and we can see the effectiveness of sample in the form of zone of inhibition around each well containing different sample

General formulation and preparation of shampoo

General formulation:

                        Sodium lauryl sulphate                       25.0 gm

                        Stearic acid                                         6.5 gm

                        Lanolin                                     0.25 gm

                        Caustic soda                                       1.0 gm

                        Cetyl alcohol                                       0.5 gm

                        Water                                                  0.5 gm

                        Coloring agent                                     S.q.

                        Perfume                                              S.q      

 Procedure:

            Dissolve cetyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearic acid and lanolin in about 80% of water by heating in a water bath. Separately dissolve caustic soda in remaining amount of water and heat almost to the same temperature as the previous one. Then mix the two solutions with stirring. When the solution cools down add the coloring agent and perfume. Mix thoroughly so as to get a homogeneous product.